Which of the following factors contributes to dental caries?

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, is a multifactorial disease that arises due to several contributing factors. The correct answer identifies bacteria as a primary factor since these microorganisms produce acids as they metabolize sugars. A diet high in sugar fuels these bacteria and promotes the formation of acids that erode tooth enamel, leading to cavities.

Poor oral hygiene is also significant because it results in the accumulation of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth. Without regular brushing and flossing, plaque can harden into tartar, exacerbating the decay process. Additionally, a lack of fluoride is a crucial contributor, as fluoride helps to remineralize enamel and make it more resistant to acidic attacks from bacteria.

The other options do not encompass the full spectrum of risk factors associated with dental caries. A choice that includes good oral hygiene, a low-sugar diet, or exclusive use of mouthwash does not acknowledge the critical role of bacteria and fluoride in the development of tooth decay, thereby failing to capture the complete risk profile.